Classroom Resources: Energy & Thermodynamics

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Electricity, Polymers, Molecular Structure, Heat, Temperature, Molecular Geometry, Electronegativity | High School, Middle School

Activity: Future of Paint Video Questions

In this activity, students will watch a video and answer related questions about the fascinating and innovative scientific advancements of paint. During the video, Students will learn how the molecular components in paint are helping to evolve in the world around them.
Interdisciplinary, Heat, Temperature, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Graphing, Radiation, Experimental Design | High School, Middle School

Lesson Plan: The Ozone Layer

In this lesson, students will develop an explanation for the consequences of ozone depletion on Earth by planning and carrying out an investigation. Students will use analysis and interpretation of data to develop a model to explain the cause and effect of Ozone depletion on the planet Earth.
Physical Properties, History, Measurements, Temperature, SI Units, Accuracy | High School, Middle School, Elementary School

Activity: Temperature Guys Video Questions

In this activity, students will watch a video and answer questions about how both the thermometer and the concept of temperature evolved over time
Temperature, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Heat, Temperature | High School, Middle School

Lab: Mega Marshmallows

In this lab, students will investigate the Kinetic Molecular Theory and particle motion while experimenting with a marshmallow. Students will observe how an increase in kinetic energy will cause particles to increase in motion. This concept will be extended into a discussion about additional real world thermal expansion examples.
Temperature, Heat, Temperature | Middle School, Elementary School

Demonstration: An Uplifting Experience

In this demonstration, students will investigate what happens to air when it is heated.
Electricity, Polymers, Molecular Structure, Heat, Temperature, Molecular Geometry, Electronegativity | High School, Middle School

Video: The Future of Paint Video

This video explores the fascinating and innovative scientific advancements of paint. Students will learn how the molecular components in paint are helping to evolve in the world around them. Futuristic paint is capable of replacing light switches, conducting electricity, and regulating temperature amongst other things!
Classification of Reactions, Heat, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic | High School, Middle School

Lab: Determining Endothermic and Exothermic Reaction

In this lab, students will analyze evidence to determine if a chemical reaction releases energy and can be classified as an exothermic reaction or if it absorbs energy and can be classified as an endothermic reaction.
Classification of Reactions, Chemical Change, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic, Activation Energy, Energy Diagrams, Bond Energy | High School, Middle School

Simulation: Simulation Activity: Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions

In this simulation, students will evaluate the energy changes in an endothermic and an exothermic chemical reaction. Through the use of this simulation students will have the opportunity to compare how energy is absorbed and released in each reaction. Additionally, students will make a connection between the standard energy diagrams associated with each reaction type.
Physical Properties, History, Accuracy, Temperature | High School, Middle School, Elementary School

Video: The Temperature Guys Video

This video tells the story of how temperature as we currently know it evolved. The first thermometers invented in the early 1600s are very different than ones we use today!
Observations, Molecular Motion, Heat, Specific Heat, Temperature | Middle School, High School

Activity: What Makes Something Feel Warm

In this lesson students actively engage in thinking about energy issues in chemistry and the nature of energy (thermal) transfer. The idea that temperature is a measure of heat content will be challenged, and students will be given the opportunity to collect data that will allow them to clearly see that different materials transfer energy at different rates.
Observations, Inferences, Molecular Motion, Temperature | Middle School, High School

Demonstration: What is Temperature?

In this demonstration, students will observe food dye mixing with water at different temperatures.
Freezing Point, Phase Changes, Physical Change, Temperature | Middle School

Lab: Lemon Ice

This activity explores the interaction between salt and water (ice) as a way to further investigate their impact on the state of matter of a substance. Students will use salt and ice to create a slushy lemonade drink without the use of a freezer. They will learn through this hands-on experiment how salt and ice can rapidly cool a liquid.
Observations, Chemical Change, Conservation of Mass, Chemical Change, Heat, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic | Middle School, High School

Lab: Kitchen Reaction

In this lab students will observe an endothermic chemical reaction involving baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar (acetic acid). Students will investigate the signs a chemical reaction has occurred (gas production, change in temperature). Students will perform the lab in an open system so they can see the change of mass due to gas production. This lab is a lead into the topic of conservation of mass. After the lab is completed, the teacher should do a demonstration of the exothermic reaction Hydrogen peroxide and potassium iodide.
Calorimetry, Heat, Specific Heat, Temperature | Middle School, High School

Lab: Understanding Specific Heat

In this lab, students will get a general idea of specific heat by investigating the mixing of two liquids at different temperatures. In one case, the same liquids will be mixed, in another case different liquids will be mixed.
Melting Point, Freezing Point, Phase Changes, Molecular Motion, Heat, Specific Heat, Temperature, Intermolecular Forces, Heating Curve, Boiling Point, Heat of Vaporization , Heat of Fusion | Middle School, High School

Activity: Simulation Activity: Heating Curve of Water

In this simulation, students will investigate qualitatively and quantitatively what happens as water changes states.
Temperature, Chemical Change, Interdisciplinary, History, Heat, Temperature | High School, Middle School

Lab: Greenhouse Gas Simulation

In this lab, students will create two simulations of the Earth’s atmosphere. They will compare a control model with a one that has an increased presence of carbon dioxide gas in order to analyze how this effects temperature. They will also complete research in order to learn more about the makeup of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Concentration, Reaction Rate, Temperature, Graphing | Middle School, High School

Lab: Starch-Iodine Clock Reaction

In this lab, students perform an iodine clock reaction to determine how concentration and temperature effect the reaction rate.
Observations, Inferences, Calorimetry, Heat, Specific Heat, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic, Enthalpy | Middle School, High School

Demonstration: Energy in Hot and Cold Packs

In this demonstration, students will observe temperature changes in chemical hot and cold packs and discuss processes of endothermic and exothermic changes. They will also see that common household products can be used to make a hot and cold pack.
Freezing Point, Physical Change, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic, Boiling Point | Middle School, High School

Demonstration: Energy

In this demonstration, students will observe the exothermic and endothermic properties of state changes of substances with different freezing and boiling points.
Observations, Density, Sublimation, Phase Changes, Physical Change, Temperature | Middle School

Lesson Plan: Dry Ice

In this lesson, students will investigate how dry ice undergoes a phase change from solid to gas, skipping the liquid phase under normal temperature and pressure.
Classification of Reactions, Chemical Change, Heat, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic | High School, Middle School

Lab: Designing Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

In this lab, students will design and test an experiment for producing either an endothermic or an exothermic reaction. The goal of the lab is for students to successfully construct a reproducible procedure for a reaction that either releases or absorbs thermal energy, and that can be supported with data.
Physical Properties, Heat, Specific Heat, Temperature, Scientific Method, Experimental Design | Middle School, High School

Lesson Plan: Designing & Engineering a Fast Defroster

In this activity students use their understanding of energy transfer to “design a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.” And “evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem, based on scientific knowledge, student-generated sources of evidence, prioritized criteria, and tradeoff considerations.” The real world problem is to help a cook who is trying to make a meal, but realizes some of the ingredients are frozen and must be thawed before he can begin.
Observations, Physical Change, Solute & Solvent, Intermolecular Forces, Heat, Temperature, Exothermic & Endothermic, Saturated/Unsaturated/Supersaturated | Middle School, High School

Lesson Plan: Particle Modeling of Hand Warmers

In this lesson, students will create a particulate model of matter that explains energy changes and transfer during a physical process, such as the crystallization of a solid from a supersaturated solution.
Observations, Phase Changes, Physical Change, Temperature | Middle School, Elementary School

Lab: Condensation

In this lab, students will explore the process of condensation. Students will investigate how water vapor condenses, and then they will conduct a comparison test to see if cooling water vapor has an effect on the rate of condensation.
Melting Point, Freezing Point, Phase Changes, Molecular Motion, Heat, Temperature, Heating Curve, Graphing | Middle School, High School

Lesson Plan: Modeling the Melting of Ice

In this lesson, students will create a particulate model of matter that explains energy changes and transfer during a phase change.